Pests that prey on tilapia is not much different from freshwater fish freshwater pests other. Some pests tilapia most frequently encountered and have lethal effects including:
a. Notonecta
West Java community call bebeasan (resembling rice) because there are white spots such as rice. This pest attacks young fish seed. Prevention efforts is quite difficult.
If the numbers are too much, these pests can be eradicated by pouring kerosene on a pond. The amount of land needed oil 5 liters per 1000 m2 pond area. This method is quite effective in suppressing the population notonecta.
b. larvae cybister
This pest is known as Ucrit, more lethal than notonecta. The color is greenish and can move quickly. Front there fangs to grip prey, while at the back there is a sting. Ucrit usually affects fish seed.
Ucrit like an environment that contains a lot of organic material. To prevent this, regularly clean the pond of weeds and organic waste. When you are going to metamorphose into adult beetles that can jump across the pond.
Chemicals are deadly to Ucrit, will shut down also for tilapia fish. Therefore, pest eradicated Ucrit only recommended for mechanically and effective prevention.
Disease tilapia
Tilapia can be said to be relatively resistant to the disease. Until now there has never been an outbreak of disease in a large-scale attack tilapia. Unlike the cultivation of carp, which are often hit by the plague.
In general, there are two types of tilapia fish diseases, the infectious disease or contagious disease, and non-infectious disease that is caused by poor environmental conditions. Here are some diseases tilapia from infectious diseases that are common:
Trichodina sp. Types of microorganisms become parasitic on freshwater fish and saltwater fish. This parasite usually attacks the outside like the skin, fins and gills. The sign is visible injury to the organ-organi were attacked. Can be prevented by maintaining sanitary pool and installing a water filter or bath deposition on the installation of irrigation pond. Treatment can be done by soaking the sick fish in a salt solution (NaCl) of 500-1000 mg / liter for 24 hours. Or with formalin solution at 25 mg / liter.
Saprolegniasis. Diseases caused by a type of fungus. Usually attack the eggs, larvae and fry of fish. Parts of the body organs attacked outside. The appearance of this disease such as fine threads of white or brownish white. Treatment is done by soaking the eggs or fish that attacked the malachite green solution of 1 mg / liter for 1 hour, or formalin solution of 200-300 mg / liter for 1-3 hours, or NaCl 5 g / liter for 15 minutes.
Epistylis spp. These parasites are generally attack organs such as the outside of the skin, gills and fins. The characteristics of the affected fish gills part maroon, fish difficult breathing, slow motion, and stunted growth. Transmission of the disease occurs due to direct contact with sick fish. Prevention by reducing stocking density of fish. Treatment by soaking the fish in formalin solution of 200 mg / liter for 40 minutes, or KMnO4 20 mg / liter for 15-20 minutes.
Red spots. The disease is caused by the bacterium Aeromonas and Pseudomonas. Attack organs inside and outside. Characteristics no bleeding on the body part affected, flaky scales, bloated stomach. When attacking the skin will look ulcers. The fish looks weak and often surfaced pool. When in surgical bleeding inside the liver, kidneys and spleen. Treatment can be done by injecting, soaking or by mixing drugs in feed. Drug immersion kaliumpermanganat 10-20 mg / liter for 30-60 minutes. Inoculation with tetramysin 0.05 ml per 100 gram weight of fish or kanamysin 20-40 mg / kg of the weight of fish. Mixing the feed with oxytetracylin 50mg / kg of feed, administered daily for 7-10 days.
While non-infectious diseases are found in tilapia fish farming caused by:
Water quality. Poor water quality endanger fish development. Therefore, the water quality should be monitored. Make sure the inlet and exit remains smooth. When water is circulated to several ponds, the use of bath water filtration is recommended. Water quality will make the fish are always in a fit and healthy condition.
Feed. Feeding should be exactly the type and dose. The remaining feed will settle at the bottom of the pool, reduce water quality and cause gases harmful to fish.
Poisoning. On fish poisoning is usually caused by incorrect feeding, for example, feed expired. It could also be caused by the presence of toxic compounds in the pond, such as H2S arising from the decay of organic material in the bottom of the pool. Alternatively, harmful pollutants carried by the water source.
Handling fish. In handling the fish try to be careful. For example, when the stocking or removal pond, not to hurt the fish's body as nets or other hard objects. Injury to the body of the fish will trigger the disease.
Genetic. Always use a good fish fry. The disease can also be caused by heredity. For example, the shape of the fish's body is not perfect or defective.
